概述
pytest中装饰器 @pytest.mark.parametrize 可以实现测试用例参数化，类似DDT。
pytest在几个级别上支持测试参数化：
-
pytest.fixture()允许对fixture函数进行参数化
-
@pytest.mark.parametrize允许在测试函数或类中定义多组参数和fixture
-
pytest_generate_tests允许自定义参数化方案或扩展
语法格式如下：
@pytest.mark.parametrize('参数名',list)
-
第一个参数是字符串，多个参数中间用逗号隔开
-
第二个参数是list多组数据用元组类型;传三个或更多参数也是这样传。list的每个元素都是一个元组，元组里的每个元素和按参数顺序 一 一 对应
示例：
-
传一个参数 @pytest.mark.parametrize(‘参数名’，list) 进行参数化
-
传两个参数@pytest.mark.parametrize(‘参数名1，参数名2’，[(参数1_data1, 参数2_data1),(参数1_data2, 参数2_data2)]) 进行参数化
详细信息，请继续阅读下文。
使用示例
只传递一个参数
一个参数一个值
示例代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["Gavin"])
def test_case1(name):
print("\n" + name)
assert name.lower() == "gavin"
输出结果：
C:\Users\Wang>pytest -vrs --show-progress --cache-clear --full-trace C:\Users\Wang\Desktop\test_4.py
================================================= test session starts =================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.11.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.3.0 -- C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Wang
plugins: allure-pytest-2.13.2, order-1.1.0, progress-1.2.5, repeat-0.9.1, timeout-2.1.0
collected 1 item
Desktop/test_4.py::test_case1[Gavin] PASSED [100%]
____________________ 1 of 1 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _____________________
================================================== 1 passed in 0.02s ==================================================
C:\Users\Wang>
一个参数多个值
这种比较常见，示例代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["Gavin","Json","Bruce","Andy"])
def test_case1(name):
print("\n" + name)
assert name.lower() == "gavin"
输出结果：
C:\Users\Wang>pytest -vrs --show-progress --cache-clear C:\Users\Wang\Desktop\test_4.py
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.11.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.3.0 -- C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Wang
plugins: allure-pytest-2.13.2, order-1.1.0, progress-1.2.5, repeat-0.9.1, timeout-2.1.0
collected 4 items
Desktop/test_4.py::test_case1[Gavin] PASSED [ 25%]
_________________________________________________________________ 1 of 4 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_4.py::test_case1[Json] FAILED [ 50%]
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ test_case1[Json] _______________________________________________________________________________________________
name = 'Json'
@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["Gavin","Json","Bruce","Andy"])
def test_case1(name):
print("\n" + name)
> assert name.lower() == "gavin"
E AssertionError: assert 'json' == 'gavin'
E - gavin
E + json
Desktop\test_4.py:10: AssertionError
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout call ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Json
_________________________________________________________________ 2 of 4 completed, 1 Pass, 1 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_4.py::test_case1[Bruce] FAILED [ 75%]
______________________________________________________________________________________________ test_case1[Bruce] _______________________________________________________________________________________________
name = 'Bruce'
@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["Gavin","Json","Bruce","Andy"])
def test_case1(name):
print("\n" + name)
> assert name.lower() == "gavin"
E AssertionError: assert 'bruce' == 'gavin'
E - gavin
E + bruce
Desktop\test_4.py:10: AssertionError
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout call ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bruce
_________________________________________________________________ 3 of 4 completed, 1 Pass, 2 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_4.py::test_case1[Andy] FAILED [100%]
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ test_case1[Andy] _______________________________________________________________________________________________
name = 'Andy'
@pytest.mark.parametrize("name", ["Gavin","Json","Bruce","Andy"])
def test_case1(name):
print("\n" + name)
> assert name.lower() == "gavin"
E AssertionError: assert 'andy' == 'gavin'
E - gavin
E + andy
Desktop\test_4.py:10: AssertionError
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout call ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Andy
_________________________________________________________________ 4 of 4 completed, 1 Pass, 3 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
========================================================================================= 3 failed, 1 passed in 0.06s ==========================================================================================
C:\Users\Wang>
多个参数
多个参数多个值
下面是官网的示例：
# content of test_expectation.py
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input,expected", [("3+5", 8), ("2+4", 6), ("6*9", 42)])
def test_eval(test_input, expected):
assert eval(test_input) == expected
此示例，参考官网给出的另外一个方案：
https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/parametrize.html 下 “To parametrize all tests in a module, you can assign to the pytestmark global variable:”
import pytest
pytestmark = pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input, expected", [("3+5", 8), ("2+4", 6), ("6*9", 42)])
def test_eval(test_input, expected):
assert eval(test_input) == expected
输出结果：
C:\Users\Wang>pytest -vrs --show-progress --cache-clear C:\Users\Wang\Desktop\test_expectation.py
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.11.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.3.0 -- C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Wang
plugins: allure-pytest-2.13.2, order-1.1.0, progress-1.2.5, repeat-0.9.1, timeout-2.1.0
collected 3 items
Desktop/test_expectation.py::test_eval[3+5-8] PASSED [ 33%]
_________________________________________________________________ 1 of 3 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_expectation.py::test_eval[2+4-6] PASSED [ 66%]
_________________________________________________________________ 2 of 3 completed, 2 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_expectation.py::test_eval[6*9-42] FAILED [100%]
______________________________________________________________________________________________ test_eval[6*9-42] _______________________________________________________________________________________________
test_input = '6*9', expected = 42
@pytest.mark.parametrize("test_input,expected", [("3+5", 8), ("2+4", 6), ("6*9", 42)])
def test_eval(test_input, expected):
> assert eval(test_input) == expected
E AssertionError: assert 54 == 42
E + where 54 = eval('6*9')
Desktop\test_expectation.py:7: AssertionError
_________________________________________________________________ 3 of 3 completed, 2 Pass, 1 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
========================================================================================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.03s ==========================================================================================
C:\Users\Wang>
多个参数的混合使用
示例代码如下（在官方示例代码上做了调整）：
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("x", [0, 1])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("y", [2, 3])
def test_foo(x, y):
print("Generate new combinations : {},{}".format(x, y))
上面示例会产生4个测试用例，输出结果参考如下：
C:\Users\Wang>pytest -vrs --show-progress --cache-clear C:\Users\Wang\Desktop\test_5.py
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.11.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.3.0 -- C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Wang
plugins: allure-pytest-2.13.2, order-1.1.0, progress-1.2.5, repeat-0.9.1, timeout-2.1.0
collected 4 items
Desktop/test_5.py::test_foo[2-0] PASSED [ 25%]
_________________________________________________________________ 1 of 4 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_5.py::test_foo[2-1] PASSED [ 50%]
_________________________________________________________________ 2 of 4 completed, 2 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_5.py::test_foo[3-0] PASSED [ 75%]
_________________________________________________________________ 3 of 4 completed, 3 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_5.py::test_foo[3-1] PASSED [100%]
_________________________________________________________________ 4 of 4 completed, 4 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
============================================================================================== 4 passed in 0.02s ===============================================================================================
C:\Users\Wang>
再看个示例：
data1 = [1, 2]
data2 = ["python", "Shell"]
data3 = ["Software", "Test", Engineer", "from", "Gavin"]
@pytest.mark.parametrize("a", data1)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("b", data2)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("c", data3)
def test_case3(a, b, c):
print("[{a} {b} {c}]")
如上示例，会产生20个测试用例。
参数化
传入字典数据
示例代码：
import pytest
json=({"username":"Json","password":"Python@123!"},{"username":"Alex","password":"226699"},{"username":"Rita","password":"123456"})
@pytest.mark.parametrize('json', json)
def test_pytest_parametrize(json):
print(f'dit : \n{json}')
print(f'username : {json["username"]}, password : {json["password"]}')
输出结果：
C:\Users\Wang>pytest -vs --show-progress --cache-clear C:\Users\Wang\Desktop\test_pytest_parameter.py
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.11.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.3.0 -- C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Wang
plugins: allure-pytest-2.13.2, order-1.1.0, progress-1.2.5, repeat-0.9.1, timeout-2.1.0
collected 3 items
Desktop/test_pytest_parameter.py::test_pytest_parametrize[json0] dit :
{'username': 'Json', 'password': 'Python@123!'}
username : Json, password : Python@123!
PASSED
_________________________________________________________________ 1 of 3 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_pytest_parameter.py::test_pytest_parametrize[json1] dit :
{'username': 'Alex', 'password': '226699'}
username : Alex, password : 226699
PASSED
_________________________________________________________________ 2 of 3 completed, 2 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_pytest_parameter.py::test_pytest_parametrize[json2] dit :
{'username': 'Rita', 'password': '123456'}
username : Rita, password : 123456
PASSED
_________________________________________________________________ 3 of 3 completed, 3 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
============================================================================================== 3 passed in 0.02s ===============================================================================================
C:\Users\Wang>
集合标记
示例代码：
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("username,password",
[("Json", "123456"), ("Jack", "654321"),
pytest.param("Bruce", "123456", marks=pytest.mark.xfail),
pytest.param("Alex", "123456", marks=pytest.mark.skip)])
def test_login(username, password):
print(username + " : " + password)
assert username == "Jack"
输出结果：
C:\Users\Wang>pytest -vs --show-progress --cache-clear C:\Users\Wang\Desktop\test_multi_parameter.py
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.11.4, pytest-7.4.2, pluggy-1.3.0 -- C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\Users\Wang
plugins: allure-pytest-2.13.2, order-1.1.0, progress-1.2.5, repeat-0.9.1, timeout-2.1.0
collected 4 items
Desktop/test_multi_parameter.py::test_login[Json-123456] Json : 123456
FAILED
___________________________________________________________________________________________ test_login[Json-123456] ____________________________________________________________________________________________
username = 'Json', password = '123456'
@pytest.mark.parametrize("username,password",
[("Json", "123456"), ("Jack", "654321"),
pytest.param("Bruce", "123456", marks=pytest.mark.xfail),
pytest.param("Alex", "123456", marks=pytest.mark.skip)])
def test_login(username, password):
print(username + " : " + password)
> assert username == "Jack"
E AssertionError: assert 'Json' == 'Jack'
E - Jack
E + Json
Desktop\test_multi_parameter.py:10: AssertionError
_________________________________________________________________ 1 of 4 completed, 0 Pass, 1 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_multi_parameter.py::test_login[Jack-654321] Jack : 654321
PASSED
_________________________________________________________________ 2 of 4 completed, 1 Pass, 1 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_multi_parameter.py::test_login[Bruce-123456] Bruce : 123456
XFAIL
_________________________________________________________________ 3 of 4 completed, 1 Pass, 1 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 1 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
Desktop/test_multi_parameter.py::test_login[Alex-123456] SKIPPED (unconditional skip)
_________________________________________________________________ 4 of 4 completed, 1 Pass, 1 Fail, 1 Skip, 0 XPass, 1 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun _________________________________________________________________
=========================================================================================== short test summary info ============================================================================================
FAILED Desktop/test_multi_parameter.py::test_login[Json-123456] - AssertionError: assert 'Json' == 'Jack'
============================================================================== 1 failed, 1 passed, 1 skipped, 1 xfailed in 0.05s ===============================================================================
C:\Users\Wang>
项目实践
如下为在产品测试中使用到的 parameter 实战示例：
@pytest.mark.parametrize('object_quota',
[-1, 0, 1, 1000, 1000000, 1000000000, 1000000000000, 1000000000000000, 1000000000000000000,
7168000000000000000])
@pytest.mark.parametrize('size_quota',
[-1,0, 1024, 1048576, 1073741824, 1099511627776, 1125899906842624, 8070450532247928832])
#@pytest.mark.parametrize('object_quota', [-1, 1])
#@pytest.mark.parametrize('size_quota',[-1])
def test_8_0_10647(self, object_quota, size_quota):
logger.info("8_0-10647:Set value on User Max Size, User Max Objects, Bucket Max Size, Bucket Max Objects fielAccount Quota")
TestClass.AccountCount = TestClass.AccountCount + 1
account = "test_8_0_10604_" + str(self.rand_num) + "_" + str(TestClass.AccountCount)
logger.info("Account: %s", account)
self.cluster_api.Create_Account(account)
self.radows.Set_Account_Quota(account, object_quota, size_quota)
self.radows.Set_Account_Bucket_Quota(account, object_quota, size_quota)
self.check_cluster_api.Check_Account_Quota(account, object_quota, size_quota)
