概述
最近在写一个基于pytest+Appium的APP GUI自动化测试框架，使用Appium初始化driver的时候，碰到了各种各样的问题，现把期间碰到的问题做一下小结，供有需要的同学参考。
碰到的问题与解决方法
说明：
如下问题，都是接连出现的，即出现了问题1，解决了问题1，再出现问题2，有一定的关联性。
问题1：AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘to_capabilities’
from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.appiumby import AppiumBy
from appium.options.android import UiAutomator2Options
desired_caps = {
'platformName': 'Android',
'platformVersion': '10',
'deviceName': '62b6aca8',
'automationName': 'UiAutomator2',
'appPackage': 'com.xkw.client',
'appActivity': 'com.zxxk.page.main.MainActivity'
}
driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)
上述代码执行的时候，报错：
>>> driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 229, in __init__
super().__init__(
File "C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 188, in __init__
capabilities = options.to_capabilities()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'to_capabilities'
>>>
解决方法：
from appium.webdriver.webdriver import AppiumOptions
appium_options = AppiumOptions()
appium_options.load_capabilities(capabilities)
driver = webdriver.Remote(appium_server_url, options=appium_options)
问题2: Original error: Neither ANDROID_HOME nor ANDROID_SDK_ROOT environment variable was exported.
在问题1解决后，碰到问题2，报错信息如下：
UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Neither ANDROID_HOME nor ANDROID_SDK_ROOT environment variable was exported. Read https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/variables for more details
at getResponseForW3CError (C:\Program Files\Appium Server GUI\resources\app\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-base-driver\lib\protocol\errors.js:804:9)
at asyncHandler (C:\Program Files\Appium Server GUI\resources\app\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-base-driver\lib\protocol\protocol.js:380:37)
>>>
解决方法：
安装android SDK。
问题3：need the android.permission.INSTALL_GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS permission
报错信息如下：
appium You need the android.permission.INSTALL_GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS permission to use the Pa…
解决方法：
手机开发者模式中开启USB调试（安全设置）
问题4：UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Error executing adbExec.
详细报错信息如下：
UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command 'C:\\Users\\Wang\\AppData\\Local\\Android\\Sdk\\platform-tools\\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 62b6aca8 install -g 'C:\\Program Files\\Appium Server GUI\\resources\\app\\node_modules\\appium\\node_modules\\io.appium.settings\\apks\\settings_apk-debug.apk'' exited with code 1'; Command output: adb: failed to install C:\Program Files\Appium Server GUI\resources\app\node_modules\appium\node_modules\io.appium.settings\apks\settings_apk-debug.apk: Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_USER_RESTRICTED: Install canceled by user]
解决方法：
开发者模式中允许USB安装apk
问题5：启动Appium Server桌面版报错
报错信息如下：
UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Cannot verify the signature of 'C:\Users\Wang\AppData\Local\Temp\2024219-17712-1k7ahp1.639ci\appium-uiautomator2-server-v4.27.0.apk'. Original error: The 'java.exe' binary could not be found neither in PATH nor under JAVA_HOME (The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not set for the current process)
解决方法：
启动Appium server桌面版本时，配置java_home路径，如：C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-21
问题6：driver初始化时候启动APP报错
报错信息如下：
Stacktrace:
UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Cannot start the 'com.xkw.client' application. Visit https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/docs/en/writing-running-appium/android/activity-startup.md for troubleshooting. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command 'C:\\Users\\Wang\\AppData\\Local\\Android\\Sdk\\platform-tools\\adb.exe -P 5037 -s 62b6aca8 shell am start -W -n com.xkw.client/com.zxxk.page.main.MainActivity -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000' exited with code 255'; Command output: Security exception: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[an uid=2000) not exported from uid 10174
解决方法：
出现这样的错误一定是因为当前的appActivity设置的不是app首次进入的appActivity；
获取首次应用的活动名称可以通过 启动一次随机 monkey命令来获取
adb shell
monkey -p com.XXXX.XXX -vvv 1
过程参考如下：
C:\Users\Wang>adb shell
lavender:/ $ monkey -p com.xkw.client -vvv 1
bash arg: -p
bash arg: com.xkw.client
bash arg: -vvv
bash arg: 1
args: [-p, com.xkw.client, -vvv, 1]
arg: "-p"
arg: "com.xkw.client"
arg: "-vvv"
arg: "1"
data="com.xkw.client"
:Monkey: seed=1711059478748 count=1
:AllowPackage: com.xkw.client
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Event percentages:
// 0: 15.0%
// 1: 10.0%
// 2: 2.0%
// 3: 15.0%
// 4: -0.0%
// 5: -0.0%
// 6: 25.0%
// 7: 15.0%
// 8: 2.0%
// 9: 2.0%
// 10: 1.0%
// 11: 13.0%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.xkw.client/com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity;end
// Allowing start of Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.xkw.client/com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity } in package com.xkw.client
// Allowing start of Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.xkw.client/com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity } in package com.xkw.client
Events injected: 1
:Sending rotation degree=0, persist=false
:Dropped: keys=0 pointers=0 trackballs=0 flips=0 rotations=0
## Network stats: elapsed time=27ms (0ms mobile, 0ms wifi, 27ms not connected)
// Monkey finished
lavender:/ $
这里的’com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity’为启动页，修改后的代码参考如下：
from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.webdriver import AppiumOptions
from appium.webdriver.common.appiumby import AppiumBy
from appium.options.android import UiAutomator2Options
appium_server_url = 'http://localhost:4723/wd/hub'
desired_caps = {
'platformName': 'Android',
'platformVersion': '10',
'deviceName': '62b6aca8',
'skipServerInstallation': True,
'automationName': 'UiAutomator2',
'appPackage': 'com.xkw.client',
'appActivity': 'com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity'
}
appium_options = AppiumOptions()
appium_options.load_capabilities(desired_caps)
driver = webdriver.Remote(appium_server_url, options=appium_options)
问题7：滑动操作时报错
滑动时碰到：
io.appium.uiautomator2.common.exceptions.InvalidElementStateException: Unable to perform W3C actions. Check the logcat output for possible error reports and make sure your input actions chain is valid.
解决方法：
获取分辨率或屏幕高和宽，上面报错是因为超屏了，超过了高度和宽度导致的。
代码参考如下：
def get_size(self):
"""获取屏幕大小"""
try:
logging.info("开始获取设备屏幕大小。")
size = self.driver.get_window_size()
width = size.get("width")
height = size.get("height")
logging.info("获取设备屏幕大小完成。宽:(%s), 高(%s)", width, height)
return width, height
except Exception as err:
logging.error("获取屏幕尺寸失败 ！ 错误为：(%s", err)
return None
问题8：启动Appium重复安装apk
每次启动 Appium，运行测试脚本时，都会重新安装 io.appium.uiautomator2.server.apk 和 io.appium.uiautomator2.server.test.apk
解决方法：
caps 增加设置：
skipServerInstallation：True
注意：
-
当设备上没有uiautomator2包时，不能设置skipServerInstallation：True
-
当设备上已安装uiautomator2包，可以设置skipServerInstallation：True -> 解决重复安装问题
问题9：启动uiautomatorviewer时报错
报错信息如下：
ERROR: No suitable Java found. In order to properly use the Android Developer
Tools, you need a suitable version of Java JDK installed on your system.
We recommend that you install the JDK version of JavaSE, available here:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads
If you already have Java installed, you can define the JAVA_HOME environment
variable in Control Panel / System / Avanced System Settings to point to the
JDK folder.
You can find the complete Android SDK requirements here:
http://developer.android.com/sdk/requirements.html
解决方法：
这是因为安装了毕竟新的JDK，新版本的JDK中不再含有JRE，而uiautomatorviewer需要JRE。解决方法是安装一个低版本的JDK，比如安装了JDK18，自动会安装JRE18，然后将JRE18路径配置到系统环境变量中。
问题10：使用uiautomatorviewer连接模拟器页面报错
报错信息如下:
Error while obtaining UI hierarchy XML file: com.android.ddmlib.SyncException: Remote object doesn't exist!
解决方法1：
杀死adb服务器并重新启动它。
adb kill-server
adb start-server
命令面板执行这两条命令后再次连接即可
解决方法2：
命令面板运行：adb reconnect
运行后再次点击连接即可。
问题11：启动APP提示 timed out after 20000ms
如下文所示：
2024-05-07 09:52:38 [connectionpool.py:247 ] [DEBUG] Starting new HTTP connection (1): 127.0.0.1:4723
2024-05-07 09:53:04 [connectionpool.py:475 ] [DEBUG] http://127.0.0.1:4723 "POST /session HTTP/1.1" 500 1520
2024-05-07 09:53:04 [remote_connection.py:330 ] [DEBUG] Remote response: status=500 | data={"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Cannot start the 'com.xkw.client' application. Consider checking the driver's troubleshooting documentation. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command '/usr/lib/android-sdk/platform-tools/adb -P 5037 -s 4f54ea68 shell am start -W -n com.xkw.client/com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000' timed out after 20000ms'. Try to increase the 20000ms adb execution timeout represented by 'adbExecTimeout' capability","stacktrace":"UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Cannot start the 'com.xkw.client' application. Consider checking the driver's troubleshooting documentation. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command '/usr/lib/android-sdk/platform-tools/adb -P 5037 -s 4f54ea68 shell am start -W -n com.xkw.client/com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000' timed out after 20000ms'. Try to increase the 20000ms adb execution timeout represented by 'adbExecTimeout' capability\n at getResponseForW3CError (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/@appium/base-driver/lib/protocol/errors.js:1118:9)\n at asyncHandler (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/@appium/base-driver/lib/protocol/protocol.js:491:57)"}} | headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'X-Powered-By': 'Express', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': 'GET, POST, PUT, OPTIONS, DELETE', 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers': 'Cache-Control, Pragma, Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, User-Agent', 'Vary': 'X-HTTP-Method-Override', 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8', 'Content-Length': '1520', 'ETag': 'W/"5f0-IiEabyylohJg+jhKWefTlek3w78"', 'Date': 'Tue, 07 May 2024 01:53:04 GMT', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Keep-Alive': 'timeout=36000'})
2024-05-07 09:53:04 [remote_connection.py:357 ] [DEBUG] Finished Request
2024-05-07 09:53:04 [base_driver.py:85 ] [ERROR] Exception when initializing Appium driver: (Message: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Cannot start the 'com.xkw.client' application. Consider checking the driver's troubleshooting documentation. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command '/usr/lib/android-sdk/platform-tools/adb -P 5037 -s 4f54ea68 shell am start -W -n com.xkw.client/com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000' timed out after 20000ms'. Try to increase the 20000ms adb execution timeout represented by 'adbExecTimeout' capability
Stacktrace:
UnknownError: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Cannot start the 'com.xkw.client' application. Consider checking the driver's troubleshooting documentation. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command '/usr/lib/android-sdk/platform-tools/adb -P 5037 -s 4f54ea68 shell am start -W -n com.xkw.client/com.zxxk.page.main.LauncherActivity -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000' timed out after 20000ms'. Try to increase the 20000ms adb execution timeout represented by 'adbExecTimeout' capability
at getResponseForW3CError (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/@appium/base-driver/lib/protocol/errors.js:1118:9)
at asyncHandler (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/@appium/base-driver/lib/protocol/protocol.js:491:57))
2024-05-07 09:53:04 [conftest.py:34 ] [ERROR] Driver is None - Appium driver failed to initialize.
解决方法：
desired_caps 中增加 adbExecTimeout， 如：
adbExecTimeout: 60000
