概述
pytest.mark.skip 可以标记无法在某些平台上运行的测试功能，或者您希望失败的测试功能，或者硬件不满足用例执行条件的功能。希望满足某些条件才执行某些测试用例，否则pytest会跳过运行该测试用例实际常见场景：跳过非Windows平台上的仅Windows测试，或者跳过依赖于当前不可用的外部资源（例如数据库）的测试，或者跳过VM上执行用例而用例实际需要硬件支撑的测试。
本文只是概述一下skip的简易用法。
实战
skip
@pytest.mark.skip
跳过执行测试用例，有可选参数reason：跳过的原因，会在执行结果中打印
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pytest
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def login():
print("====登录====")
def test_case01():
print("我是测试用例11111")
@pytest.mark.skip(reason="不执行该用例！！因为没写好！！")
def test_case02():
print("我是测试用例22222")
class Test1:
def test_1(self):
print("%% 我是类测试用例1111 %%")
@pytest.mark.skip(reason="不想执行")
def test_2(self):
print("%% 我是类测试用例2222 %%")
@pytest.mark.skip(reason="类也可以跳过不执行")
class TestSkip:
def test_1(self):
print("%% 不会执行 %%")
执行结果：
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src# PYTHONPATH=. pytest --alluredir=../report/test test.py
============================================================================================================================ test session starts =============================================================================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.12, pytest-4.6.11, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/bin/python2.7
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /root/pytest_framework/src, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: cov-2.10.0, progress-1.2.1, allure-pytest-2.8.11, repeat-0.8.0, timeout-1.3.4, ordering-0.6
collected 5 items
test.py::test_case01 PASSED [1/5]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 of 5 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
test.py::test_case02 SKIPPED [2/5]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 of 5 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 1 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
test.py::Test1::test_1 PASSED [3/5]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 of 5 completed, 2 Pass, 0 Fail, 1 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
test.py::Test1::test_2 SKIPPED [4/5]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 of 5 completed, 2 Pass, 0 Fail, 2 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
test.py::TestSkip::test_1 SKIPPED [5/5]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 of 5 completed, 2 Pass, 0 Fail, 3 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
========================================================================================================================== short test summary info ===========================================================================================================================
SKIPPED [1] test.py:16: 不执行该用例！！因为没写好！！
SKIPPED [1] test.py:26: 不想执行
SKIPPED [1] test.py: 类也可以跳过不执行
==================================================================================================================== 2 passed, 3 skipped in 0.14 seconds =====================================================================================================================
知识点：
-
@pytest.mark.skip 可以加在函数上，类上，类方法上
-
如果加在类上面，类里面的所有测试用例都不会执行
以上小案例都是针对：整个测试用例方法跳过执行，如果想在测试用例执行期间跳过不继续往下执行呢？
pytest.skip()函数基础使用
作用：在测试用例执行期间强制跳过不再执行剩余内容
类似：在Python的循环里面，满足某些条件则break 跳出循环
示例：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pytest
def test_function():
n = 1
while True:
print("这是我第{n}条用例")
n += 1
if n == 5:
pytest.skip("我跑五次了不跑了")
执行结果：
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src# PYTHONPATH=. pytest --alluredir=../report/test test2.py
============================================================================================================================ test session starts =============================================================================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.12, pytest-4.6.11, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/bin/python2.7
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /root/pytest_framework/src, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: cov-2.10.0, progress-1.2.1, allure-pytest-2.8.11, repeat-0.8.0, timeout-1.3.4, ordering-0.6
collected 1 item
test2.py::test_function SKIPPED [1/1]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 of 1 completed, 0 Pass, 0 Fail, 1 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
========================================================================================================================== short test summary info ===========================================================================================================================
SKIPPED [1] /root/pytest_framework/src/test2.py:13: 我跑五次了不跑了
========================================================================================================================= 1 skipped in 0.04 seconds ==========================================================================================================================
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src#
allow_module_level
pytest.skip(msg=“”, allow_module_level=False)
当 allow_module_level=True 时，可以设置在模块级别跳过整个模块
示例：
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src# cat test3.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import pytest
if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
pytest.skip("skipping windows-only tests", allow_module_level=True)
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def login():
print("====登录====")
def test_case01():
print("我是测试用例11111")
执行结果：
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src# PYTHONPATH=. pytest --alluredir=../report/test test3.py
============================================================================================================================ test session starts =============================================================================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.12, pytest-4.6.11, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/bin/python2.7
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /root/pytest_framework/src, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: cov-2.10.0, progress-1.2.1, allure-pytest-2.8.11, repeat-0.8.0, timeout-1.3.4, ordering-0.6
collected 1 item
test3.py::test_case01 PASSED [1/1]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 of 1 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
========================================================================================================================== 1 passed in 0.06 seconds ==========================================================================================================================
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src#
skipif
@pytest.mark.skipif(condition, reason="")
作用：希望有条件地跳过某些测试用例
注意：condition需要返回True才会跳过
示例：
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src# cat test4.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import pytest
@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == 'win32', reason="does not run on windows")
class TestSkipIf(object):
def test_function(self):
print("不能在window上运行")
执行结果：
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src# PYTHONPATH=. pytest --alluredir=../report/test test4.py
============================================================================================================================ test session starts =============================================================================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.12, pytest-4.6.11, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/bin/python2.7
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /root/pytest_framework/src, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: cov-2.10.0, progress-1.2.1, allure-pytest-2.8.11, repeat-0.8.0, timeout-1.3.4, ordering-0.6
collected 1 item
test4.py::TestSkipIf::test_function PASSED [1/1]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 of 1 completed, 1 Pass, 0 Fail, 0 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
========================================================================================================================== 1 passed in 0.05 seconds ==========================================================================================================================
跳过标记
可以将 pytest.mark.skip 和 pytest.mark.skipif 赋值给一个标记变量在不同模块之间共享这个标记变量若有多个模块的测试用例需要用到相同的 skip 或 skipif ，可以用一个单独的文件去管理这些通用标记，然后适用于整个测试用例集
示例：
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src# cat test5.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import pytest
# 标记
skipmark = pytest.mark.skip(reason="不能在window上运行=====")
skipifmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == 'win32', reason="不能在window上运行啦啦啦=====")
@skipmark
class TestSkip_Mark(object):
@skipifmark
def test_function(self):
print("测试标记")
def test_def(self):
print("测试标记")
@skipmark
def test_skip():
print("测试标记")
执行结果：
root@FC-2:~/pytest_framework/src# PYTHONPATH=. pytest --alluredir=../report/test test5.py
============================================================================================================================ test session starts =============================================================================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.12, pytest-4.6.11, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/bin/python2.7
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /root/pytest_framework/src, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: cov-2.10.0, progress-1.2.1, allure-pytest-2.8.11, repeat-0.8.0, timeout-1.3.4, ordering-0.6
collected 3 items
test5.py::TestSkip_Mark::test_function SKIPPED [1/3]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 of 3 completed, 0 Pass, 0 Fail, 1 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
test5.py::TestSkip_Mark::test_def SKIPPED [2/3]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 of 3 completed, 0 Pass, 0 Fail, 2 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
test5.py::test_skip SKIPPED [3/3]
________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 of 3 completed, 0 Pass, 0 Fail, 3 Skip, 0 XPass, 0 XFail, 0 Error, 0 ReRun ________________________________________________________________________________________________
========================================================================================================================== short test summary info ===========================================================================================================================
SKIPPED [1] test5.py:15: 不能在window上运行=====
SKIPPED [1] test5.py:23: 不能在window上运行=====
SKIPPED [1] test5.py: 不能在window上运行=====
========================================================================================================================= 3 skipped in 0.06 seconds ==========================================================================================================================
pytest.importorskip
pytest.importorskip( modname: str, minversion: Optional[str] = None, reason: Optional[str] = None )
作用：如果缺少某些导入，则跳过模块中的所有测试
参数列表
modname：模块名minversion：版本号reason：跳过原因，默认不给也行
示例：
pexpect = pytest.importorskip("pexpect", minversion="0.3")
@pexpect
def test_import():
print("test")
执行结果：
如本版本匹配不是:
Skipped: could not import 'pexpect': No module named 'pexpect'
collected 0 items / 1 skipped
如果版本对应上：
如果版本对应不上
Skipped: module 'sys' has __version__ None, required is: '0.3'
collected 0 items / 1 skipped
