现象
Oracle11g 11.1.0.6.0安装小补丁版本失败,安装小补丁：p6928169_111060_Linux-x86-64.zip
opyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /opt/oracle/app/product/11.1.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /opt/oraInventory
from : /etc/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.1.0.6.0
OUI version : 11.1.0.6.0
OUI location : /opt/oracle/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/oui
Log file location : /opt/oracle/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2009-03-06_14-16-49PM.log
ApplySession applying interim patch '6928169' to OH '/opt/oracle/app/product/11.1.0/db_1'
Running prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
The details are:
Following executables are active :
/opt/oracle/app/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/oracle
ApplySession failed during prerequisite checks: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
System intact, OPatch will not attempt to restore the system
OPatch failed with error code 74
oracle@expsmgw:/opt/oraInventory/6928169>
解决方法
当时没解决，只有安装了大补丁才解决问题。不过不建议这也操作，会比较麻烦，一旦升级出错，恢复数据库有难度，除非升级之前已经备份数据库。
正确安装信息显示如下：
oracle@MMSGDS:/opt/oraInventory/6928169> export OBJECT_MODE=32_64
oracle@MMSGDS:/opt/oraInventory/6928169> /opt/oracle/product/11g/db_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Invoking OPatch 11.1.0.6.0
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.1.0.6.0
Copyright (c) 2007, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /opt/oracle/product/11g/db_1
Central Inventory : /opt/oraInventory
from : /etc/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.1.0.6.0
OUI version : 11.1.0.6.0
OUI location : /opt/oracle/product/11g/db_1/oui
Log file location : /opt/oracle/product/11g/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2009-04-13_15-50-35PM.log
ApplySession applying interim patch '6928169' to OH '/opt/oracle/product/11g/db_1'
Running prerequisite checks...
OPatch detected non-cluster Oracle Home from the inventory and will patch the local system only.
Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/opt/oracle/product/11g/db_1')
Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files and inventory (not for auto-rollback) for the Oracle Home
Backing up files affected by the patch '6928169' for restore. This might take a while...
Backing up files affected by the patch '6928169' for rollback. This might take a while...
Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.1.0.6.0...
Updating archive file "/opt/oracle/product/11g/db_1/lib/libserver11.a" with "lib/libserver11.a/jska.o"
Updating archive file "/opt/oracle/product/11g/db_1/lib/libserver11.a" with "lib/libserver11.a/jskc.o"
Running make for target ioracle
ApplySession adding interim patch '6928169' to inventory
Verifying the update...
Inventory check OK: Patch ID 6928169 is registered in Oracle Home inventory with proper meta-data.
Files check OK: Files from Patch ID 6928169 are present in Oracle Home.
The local system has been patched and can be restarted.
OPatch succeeded.
oracle@MMSGDS:/opt/oraInventory/6928169>
ORA-01092 ORACLE 实例终止,强制断开连接 解决方案
表象
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 109051904 bytes
Fixed Size 1295272 bytes
Variable Size 92277848 bytes
Database Buffers 8388608 bytes
Redo Buffers 7090176 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-01092: ORACLE 实例终止。强制断开连接
分析步骤
alert日志信息片段
<txt>Errors in file /home/oracle/diag/rdbms/mmsgdb/mmsgdb/trace/mmsgdb_ora_438512.trc:
ORA-00704: 引导程序进程失败
ORA-39700: 必须用 UPGRADE 选项打开数据库
</txt>
查看错误码信息
% oerr ora 01092
01092, 00000, "ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced"
// *Cause: The instance this process was connected to was terminated
// abnormally, probably via a shutdown abort. This process
// was forced to disconnect from the instance.
// *Action: Examine the alert log for more details. When the instance has been
// restarted, retry action.
%
% oerr ora 39700
39700, 00000, "database must be opened with UPGRADE option"
// *Cause: A normal database open was attempted, but the database has not
// been upgraded to the current server version.
// *Action: Use the UPGRADE option when opening the database to run
// catupgrd.sql (for database upgrade), or to run catalog.sql
// and catproc.sql (after initial database creation).
原因
Oracle数据库升级后，数据字典没有升级，或者数据字典升级失败
解决方法
oracle dba用户执行catupgrd.sql、cataproc.sql和catlog.sql
1、以startup upgrade打开数据库
2、以sysdba运行‘升级数据字典’脚本和‘创建数据字典’脚本
product/11g/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql 和 product/11g/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql和catproc.sql
具体的需要根据trace日志中的提示信息去执行哪个sql文件。
例如：
/opt/oracle/product/11g/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql
cat /opt/oracle/product/11g/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql | sqlplus / as sysdba
如果还不行，再去刷一个catproc.sql
cat /opt/oracle/product/11g/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql | sqlplus / as sysdba
如果还不行，再去刷一个catlog.sql
cat /opt/oracle/product/11g/rdbms/admin/catlog.sql | sqlplus / as sysdba
